![]() ![]() Synaptic cleft The space between neurons at a nerve synapse across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter - called also synaptic gap. A neurotransmitter is a messenger of neurological information from one cell to another. Neurotransmitter A chemical that is released from a nerve cell which thereby transmits an impulse from a nerve cell to another nerve, muscle, organ, or other tissue. Dendrite A short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles, and glands. Axon An axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. ![]() These granules are of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis. Nissl substance A nissl body, also known as nissl substance, is a large granular body found in neurons. Neurons typically consist of a cell body, which contains a nucleus and receives incoming nerve impulses, and an axon, which carries impulses away from the cell body. Schwann cells are named after german physiologist Theodor Schwann, who discovered them in the 19th century. Schwann cells Also called neurilemma cell, any of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons. The axons of many neurons are insulated by a myelin sheath, which increases the rate at which an axon can conduct an action potential. Support cells In the central nervous system, there are four types of supporting cells. Neuroglia Another term for glia which is the connective tissue of the nervous system, consisting of several different types of cell associated with neurons. ![]()
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